The gender symbols are also sometimes used in combination with gender pictograms to mark public toilets. They later became used to indicate the sex of individuals primarily in scientific publications. The male and female gender symbols were first used in 1751 to denote the effective sex of plants. The Venus symbol takes on the shape of mirror with a handle that represents Venus the God of Love. The Mars symbol has been likened to the shape of a shield and spear to represent Mars the God of War. The male gender symbol is derived from the symbol used to represent Mars while the female symbol comes from the Venus symbol.
The gender symbols have long been used to represent either biological sex, male or female. So what do we do with these genetic symbols? We go back to the Budgie Genetics and learn about the different types of inheritance.Male & Female Symbol Car Stickers & Decals This list can be found on the MUTAVI website. It tends towards the internationally agreed symbols, but you may find other lists that use different ones also. There is a list of the genetic symbols for the various budgie colours and varieties that I prefer. It makes sense to adopt the same naming system as used in other species, but I'm not sure that will happen. For example we tend to call the par blue varieties in budgies yellow face blue. However, for some reason (probably because budgies are very popular and the clubs large enough to be separate from other clubs) budgie breeders named some of the mutations differently and do not want to change to conform. Generally the same name is used when the same mutation occurs in different species, so there are a number of species that have the par blue mutation. Genetic Symbols for Budgie Colours and VarietiesĪs already mentioned many of the genes present in budgies are also present in other parakeets. Genotype = what genes your budgie has, a list of the genes that produce the budgies phenotype. Phenotype = what your budgie looks like, a description of its physical appearance. Heterozygous = two alleles different, so a budgie with bl +/bl 1 would be said to be heterozygous, or 'split' for the mutated blue gene (called green split blue and written as green/blue).įinally there are two more useful terms that you are bound to come across: Homozygous = two alleles the same, so a budgie with bl +/bl + would be said to be homozygous for the wild type blue gene. Next we need terms to describe a bird with two alleles the same (like bl +/bl + or bl 1/bl 1) or two that are different (like bl +/bl 1): So here we have them:Īs a budgie has two copies of each gene there are three possible combinations of the above genes that any budgie can have.īl +bl + = two genes for green colour bl +/bl 1 = one gene for green and one for blue bl 1/bl 1 = two genes for blue A Couple of Useful Genetic Terms In our example bl 1 is recessive to the wild type of green so this genes symbol is always written in lower case. Page.) So an allele that is dominant to wild type is written in upper case and theĪllele that is recessive is written in lower case. (For more information on these types of inheritance go back When a gene mutates the new allele is usually either dominant or recessive to the original wild type.
We can now easily distinguish which allele of the blue gene we are talking about. In our example the wild type allele is bl + and the allele which produces a blue bird is bl 1. Symbol - the symbol for a gene is usually the first two or three letters of the gene name, in this case: bl, and the original wild type version of a gene is also given a +. (As there are two genes that produce the blue phenotype in budgies, it is in
How do we name and decide on the symbolĮffects of the mutated gene, so in this case the gene is know called blue. The gene responsible the wild type green colour mutated so that it I will use the internationally agreed system where ever possible. It makes sense to follow a system so everyone is using the same name for the same gene, however, budgerigar clubs tend to stick to what their members are used to instead. There is an international agreement on how names and symbols are used as the same genes and mutations are present in many parakeet species. Sometimes it is helpful to use genetic symbols rather than writing theįull name of each gene.
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